Vaginal infections, also known as vaginitis (Vaginal Infections), occur due to an imbalance of yeast and bacteria that naturally reside in the vagina. These infections are often accompanied by discomfort and unpleasant odors. Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothes that come into contact with the area can irritate the delicate tissues of the vagina. Some vaginal infections, if left untreated, can lead to serious damage to reproductive organs or other health complications. In some cases, vaginal infections might not show any symptoms. However, when symptoms occur, they commonly include: vaginal itching, changes in the amount and color of vaginal discharge, pain or burning during urination, pain during intercourse, vaginal bleeding, or spotting.

What Causes Vaginal Infections?

Common causes of vaginal infections include:

• Yeast infections: Typically caused by the fungus Candida albicans. Factors such as antibiotic use can reduce antifungal bacteria in the vagina, leading to overgrowth of yeast.
• Atrophic vaginitis: This condition is commonly seen post-menopause but can also occur during breastfeeding or other times when estrogen levels are low, leading to thinning, dryness, and inflammation of vaginal tissues.
• Bacterial infections: Overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina may result in bacterial vaginosis.
• Trichomoniasis: Caused by a parasite and often transmitted through sexual contact.

How Are Vaginal Infections Diagnosed?

Doctors may ask about medical history, sexual health, and past experiences with vaginal or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A pelvic exam and lab analysis of vaginal discharge may also be performed to determine the type of infection.

How Are Vaginal Infections Treated?

Treatment depends on the cause of the infection:

• Bacterial infections: Antibiotics such as metronidazole pills, creams, or gels.
• Yeast infections: Antifungal creams or suppositories.
• Trichomoniasis: Oral medications like metronidazole or tinidazole.
• Atrophic vaginitis: Estrogen creams or tablets.
• If caused by irritants like soaps, avoiding them and using calming medications may be recommended.

How to Prevent Vaginal Infections?

While not all vaginal infections are preventable, the following measures can help:

• Use condoms during sexual intercourse to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
• Maintain good hygiene, dry the genital area after using the bathroom, and wear breathable cotton underwear.
• Avoid excessive douching as it can disrupt the balance of healthy vaginal bacteria.
• Use lubricants during intercourse to minimize irritation and the risk of tears.

Vaginal infections are generally not dangerous but should be evaluated by a doctor if symptoms persist, worsen, or return after treatment. Yeast infections can often be treated at home with over-the-counter antifungal medications.

Sources:
healthline.com, webmd.com, medicalnewstoday.com, mayoclinic.org