Sore throat is a pain, itch, or irritation of the throat. It is a common symptom caused by various factors. Around 90% of sore throats are due to viral infections such as the common cold, flu, and other viral infections. Bacterial infections can also lead to sore throats, with strep throat and infections of the throat and tonsils being the most common causes.

Allergic reactions from the immune system to allergens can cause throat irritation, and dry air may result in dryness, itching, and throat discomfort. Additionally, many chemicals in the air or breathing polluted air can irritate the throat. However, the most dangerous cause of a sore throat is the presence of a throat tumor, which usually does not resolve after a few days. Regardless of the cause, knowing some home remedies can help alleviate the pain before visiting a doctor.

What Are Home Remedies for Sore Throat?

1- Honey

Honey, either on its own or dissolved in water or tea, is a common remedy for sore throat. Studies show honey is more effective than cough medicines for nighttime coughs. Honey also acts as a wound healer, aiding in soothing a sore throat.

2- Saltwater

Gargling with warm salt water helps relieve sore throat by killing bacteria and clearing throat mucus. A solution of half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water is recommended for gargling every three hours.

3- Chamomile Tea

Chamomile tea is a natural soothing agent, and inhaling chamomile steam can help relieve a sore throat. Drinking chamomile tea strengthens the immune system due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help fight infections.

4- Peppermint

Peppermint contains menthol, which helps soothe a sore throat and relieve cough. Peppermint oil sprays can reduce throat pain due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is best to dilute peppermint oil with carrier oils like olive oil, sweet almond oil, or coconut oil before use.

5- Baking Soda Gargle

Gargling with a mixture of baking soda and saltwater can help relieve sore throat by killing bacteria and preventing the growth of yeast and fungi. Mix one cup of warm water, 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda, and 1/8 teaspoon of salt for a gargling solution. Gargle every three hours as needed.

6- Fenugreek

Fenugreek, in various forms such as seeds, oil, or tea, is a natural remedy for sore throat. It relieves pain and eliminates bacteria causing throat irritation. Pregnant women, however, should avoid using fenugreek.

7- Marshmallow Root

Marshmallow root contains substances that soothe sore throats. Drinking tea made from dried marshmallow root (steeped in hot water) two to three times a day can ease throat discomfort. Since marshmallow root may lower blood sugar levels, diabetic individuals should consult a doctor before use.

8- Licorice Root

Licorice root has long been used to treat sore throat. It can be mixed with water and used as a gargle. However, it is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women.

9- Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar is a natural antibacterial and antimicrobial agent that fights infections. Its acidity helps break down throat mucus and prevents bacteria from spreading. Dilute 1 to 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar in a cup of water and gargle. Swallow a small amount and repeat hourly, drinking plenty of water between gargles.

10- Garlic

Garlic has natural antibacterial properties and contains allicin, which helps combat infections. Consuming garlic can aid in treating sore throat.

Treating Sore Throat in Infants and Children

Sore throat is a common childhood illness, usually caused by viruses and resolving within four to five days. However, if a sore throat is accompanied by a fever of 38.3°C or higher, it may be due to strep throat requiring antibiotic treatment. In such cases, consult a pediatrician.

Pain relievers like acetaminophen (Children’s Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Children’s Advil or Motrin) can alleviate throat pain in children. For infants under six months old, consult a pediatrician before administering medication. Using a humidifier in the child’s room, offering warm fluids, and ensuring hydration can soothe sore throats. Avoid giving honey to children under one year old. Gargling with saltwater (for children over six years old) may also help.

Throat sprays are not recommended for children as they may contain benzocaine, which can cause allergic reactions in some cases.