Proper nutrition is essential for a child's health, from birth to adulthood. Nutrition during the first three years of life plays a crucial role in reducing complications and mortality, decreasing the risk of chronic diseases, and ensuring regular mental and physical growth. Researchers note that children experience rapid growth in the first five years of life, including muscle development, tissue formation, and brain growth. Due to their small stomach capacity at this age, children require a wide range of essential nutrients in smaller volumes. Thus, a balanced diet and careful attention to nutritional issues are vital in preventing many health and developmental problems in early childhood and certain adult-related issues like obesity, iron deficiency, nutrient deficiencies, dental decay, and growth delays.

However, in many countries, less than one-fourth of infants have access to the variety and frequency of meals they need, and poor feeding practices account for one-third of child malnutrition cases. Below are some critical points about children's nutrition.

6 Essential Tips for Infant Nutrition

1. Most pediatricians recommend introducing solid foods between 4 to 6 months of age. By this stage, infants can hold their head and neck upright independently. Additionally, their sucking reflex diminishes, signaling readiness for solid foods. If the baby shows interest in foods and can sit up with support, it might be time to start solids. Typically, infants aged 6-8 months require 2-3 meals daily, while those aged 9-23 months may need 3-4 meals plus 1-2 snacks.

2. Feeding should begin gradually, with a few spoons or bites once daily. Over a few weeks, infants transition from liquid foods to purees (e.g., mashed bananas) and then to slightly solid foods. New foods should be introduced gradually to help the baby adapt.

3. Between 7 to 11 months, infants often try to grab larger pieces of food, indicating readiness for more solid textures. Safe options include well-cooked vegetables (e.g., carrots, peas, zucchini) cut into small pieces, soft meat or chicken, and unsweetened cereals. Avoid hard foods like whole grapes to prevent choking. At this stage, babies may use their hands or utensils like forks to eat.

4. By their first birthday, most babies can consume family meals and use a spoon, although independent feeding may take longer. Start with soft, sticky foods like yogurt or mashed potatoes. At this stage, babies typically eat three small meals and 2-3 snacks daily.

5. Some pediatricians advise delaying allergenic foods like eggs or fish until after the first year, particularly if there is a family history of allergies. However, recent studies suggest no specific age restriction unless the baby has a predisposition to allergies.

6. While introducing a variety of foods is crucial, certain items should be avoided at specific ages:

• Honey: Avoid for babies under 12 months due to the risk of botulism.
• Raw eggs: May contain salmonella bacteria, which can cause illness.
• Unpasteurized dairy products: May carry bacteria that lead to infections.
• Sugary, salty, or highly processed foods: These lack nutrients and may harm teeth and kidneys.
• Whole nuts: Avoid for children under five to prevent choking. Consult a pediatrician if there is a family history of nut allergies.
• Low-fat products: Infants need higher fat content in their diets compared to adults.
• Cow’s milk: Can be consumed in small amounts but should not replace breast milk or formula as the main drink due to insufficient nutrients.

References: healthline.com, webmd.com, who.int