Azithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including respiratory infections, skin infections, eye infections, ear infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. It is not effective against viral infections like colds or flu. Misuse of this antibiotic can increase the risk of drug-resistant bacterial infections.

Dosage and Uses

Azithromycin is available in several forms, including 500 mg injectable vials, 250 mg and 500 mg tablets, and 100 mg and 200 mg per 5 mL oral suspensions. It is commonly used for treating pharyngitis, tonsillitis, skin infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sinusitis, sexually transmitted infections, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and bacterial pneumonia.

Azithromycin is prescribed for bacterial infections to reduce bacterial resistance. It is also used in neonates over six months and children for specific infections, such as middle ear infections.

Special Considerations

Azithromycin is not suitable for patients with the following conditions:

• Cystic fibrosis
• Hospital-acquired infections
• Known or suspected bacteremia
• Need for hospitalization
• Elderly or immunocompromised patients

Common Side Effects

Azithromycin may cause side effects like diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, rash, and headache. In rare cases, it can lead to severe side effects, including liver issues, heart problems, or allergic reactions.

Warnings

• Discontinue use if symptoms of hepatitis appear.
• May cause QT prolongation, leading to irregular heart rhythms.
• Risk of severe diarrhea due to Clostridium difficile infection.

Drug Interactions

Azithromycin interacts with several drugs, such as warfarin, digoxin, and nelfinavir. Avoid combining it with pimozide due to severe interactions.

Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Available data suggests no significant risk of congenital disabilities or adverse outcomes during pregnancy. However, animal studies indicate potential risks. Breastfeeding mothers should monitor infants for diarrhea, vomiting, or rashes.

Sources:

• Medscape
• MedlinePlus
• Drugs.com